The Wi Fi wireless router is perhaps THE central piece in most home computer networks these days. So we often hear talk of common router issues and how to solve them. Thus here, we explain How to Fix Typical Wi Fi Router Problems, with deep dives into some of these so often seen router issues.
So many of us now are setting up Wi Fi networks in our homes, dorms, classrooms, et al. It’s likely also, that most of us have seen some sort of Wi Fi router trouble. Most router problems show up as follows…
- A loss of internet on wireless devices.
- Either no or weak Wi Fi signal.
- Inability to log in to the Wi Fi.
- Sporadic, slow, or unreliable Wi Fi.
Take the easy to work steps below before trying to troubleshoot the router. These simple fixes could solve your problem without much detective work.
How to Fix Typical Wi Fi Router Problems: Easy Fixes
Check for Blocked Vents
Sitting the router on a carpeted floor for example, on its side, may obstruct ventilation. This can cause overheating and poor router performance.
Replace Any Broken or Kinked Ethernet Cables
Perhaps an RJ-45 plug on an Ethernet cable has broken latch tabs. Or you may have abrupt kinks and bends in the cables. So try replacing with a fresh, undamaged cable to see if that fixes your router problem.
Check Correct Cable Connections
Make sure that the WAN cable, from modem to router connects to the WAN port on the router. Also, connect any DMZ (demilitarized zone) hosts you have to the correct local port on the router. Check the router guides to see which port acts as a DMZ port.
Reboot Cable / DSL Modem and Router
Doing this is easier when your Wi Fi router and ISP modem are one unit. Simply power off that unit. Wait thirty seconds. Then power it up again.
Detail
It’s best to do a “cold” reboot, where you actually disconnect the router from power. The “warm” reboots, those that you trigger on the router’s admin web site, may not fully reset the hardware.
How to Fix Typical Wi Fi Router Problems: Install Latest Router Firmware Update
Older firmware may have bugs that show up under more load. These often appear when you add more data demanding devices to your network. A firmware update may increase stable router capacity and make multi-user connections work better.
Reset Router to Factory Default State
Now someone may have changed a crucial setting to a bad value. E.g. Wi Fi beacon interval, DTS, RTS, et al, The wrong values in these settings can slow down wireless data speeds. But falling back to the router’s default settings usually fixes these sorts of errors.
So write down any settings that you know that you’ve changed from their defaults. Then, follow the router instructions to reset it to factory default values.
Next, power ON the router.
Then, once it comes up, press and hold the reset button for thirty seconds. Find the often red RESET button in a recessed opening on the back or bottom of the router.
Then release the button. This begins a reset, and a restoration of the default settings.
Some routers have you turn them OFF first. Then, while holding in the reset button, turn them back on. Again, check your users guide for details on your router.
Finally, after reset is complete, re apply your specific non-default settings that you wrote down before the reset.
Move Router Away from Dense Walls and Interference Sources
You may have many dead spots, dropouts, or weak Wi Fi connections. If so, try moving the router away from thick walls or metal objects. Also, get it away from sources of interference. E.g. Cordless phones, microwave ovens, and Bluetooth speakers.
Replace Router with a Known Good One
Try to find the location of the problem to the router itself. To do that, you could try swapping it with a known good unit. Then see if good wireless performance returns.
How to Fix Typical Wi Fi Router Problems: More Complex Issues
We run a few routers in our computer lab often. Plus, we hear much of the scoop in our building about the router problems. Both novice and advanced network users face these. So, so often a failing router causes their woes. We list below some of these common router problems, along with how we and our neighbors solved them.
Router Does Not Power ON
Symptom of this problem is that all lights on it are dark. Plus, you can’t connect to it. In fact, its SSIDs do not appear when you scan for Wi Fi networks. In this section, find common causes and fixes for the router-has-no-power issue.
Check Power Cords
Plug the power cable / adapter in at both ends. You have the 120-volt outlet end. And, you have the the low-voltage jack that fits into the router’s DC power port.
Does Outlet Have Power
Check that the 120-volt outlet has power. To do that, use a plug tester light. Or plug a lamp into it and see that it comes on.
How to Fix Typical Wi Fi Router Problems: Fix Power Outlet
If not, restore power to the outlet by turning on any switches that may control it. Check that you have no blown fuses or tripped circuit breakers that feed it.
Test the Router’s Power Supply
But if the 120-volt outlet checks out okay, check the voltage output of the router’s power adapter. The output should be within 5% of the rated DC value. This value you’ll often find somewhere on the adapter case.
Swap Out the Power Supply
Or, if you happen to have a spare adapter in house, try swapping it for the suspected one. If the substitute powers on the router, then replace the adapter.
Router Working but No Wi Fi Signal
How to Fix Typical Wi Fi Router Problems: Turn ON the Wireless Radio
The Wi Fi radio may be OFF. You can often control ths in the router’s settings menus. Often you find it on the advanced settings pages.
Check and turn the radio ON, if it is in fact OFF.
Replace Router
Or, the Wi Fi transmitter may have failed. So replace the router to verify.
Wi Fi Login Failures
Check Password
Make sure you know the password that your Wi Fi router wants. If you don’t know it, then change the password to something that you will not forget.
Check Security Mode
You normally don’t have to do this these days. Why not? Because most client wireless devices can find the right security mode as they handshake with the router.
But you must know if the wireless connection uses WEP, WPA, or WPA2 to manually enter the wireless network info. You must do this when you connect to an hidden network. In that case, you must punch in its SSID, password, and security mode by hand.
Weak or Slow Wi Fi, Even When Close to Router
How to Fix Typical Wi Fi Router Problems: Set Radio Power Output to Maximum
Many routers feature a power output setting. So it’s possible that someone changed this. Or a recent router move needs more power to fully cover your space. Thus try setting the output level to Full or 100 percent.
Replace Router Power Adapter
Also, a weak power adapter can weaken the routers Wi Fi signal. So try substituting an equivalent new supply.
Upgrade to a Higher Power Router
Your router may offer too little signal output to adequately cover your desired coverage area. So, upgrade to a unit that has higher power. Look for one with a few hundred milliwatts. Or better yet, find a router with the full 1 watt legal power.
How to Fix Typical Wi Fi Router Problems: Unreliable Wi Fi Connections
While the local Ethernet ports work at top speed, the Wi Fi devices may slow down due to the following.
Busy Wi Fi Channel
Your wireless router is broadcasting on an overly crowded channel. So try switching the router’s channel number to fix. Why? Because many routers ship with their channel choice to occur at boot up. Indeed, the router does not always pick the best channel to use on its own.
Furthermore, channel traffic can change since the last boot.
Or the router picks a channel without enough pre-scanning to test just how busy it is. Run a Wi Fi checker app to check channel traffic yourself. We use the Amped Wireless Wi Fi Analytics app. This app shows the least busy Wi Fi channel in your area.
Once you know the best channel, then set your router to it.
Overly Crowded 2.4 Ghz. Wi Fi Frequencies
Now perhaps all the channels show strong Wi Fi activity in the Wi Fi Analytics app. Or you have many non Wi Fi devices in your home that run on 2.4 Ghz. If either case is true, then switch ON your router’s 5 Ghz. network. Or upgrade to a dual or tri band router that has it. Then move your devices over to the higher frequency network.
Or, you might add a 5 Ghz. wireless network without replacing your router. For this, add a 5 Ghz. wireless access point. Netgear offers such devices.
But beware that not all client devices support 5 Ghz. wireless N or AC.
Desired Wi Fi Coverage Area is Too Large
The size of your home, apartment, or industrial coverage area may simply be too big for a single Wi Fi router. Even a full power router may struggle to reach all places in your home. So, you could try adding more access points and Wi Fi range extenders. Put these at the most distant points from your ISP router, to fill in the dead spots.
Of course, this means either…
- Running new LAN network cables to the distant access points.
- Adding MoCA (media over coax) units. This is simple if you have coax cable for cable TV near to both the router and access point.
- Use Ethernet over power line adapters. These translate and send Ethernet data over the power lines in your home.
Similar tech exists to connect distant routers together over the power wiring. But whatever the connect method, your goal is to put Wi Fi access points into those “fringe” spaces.
Non Even Signal Coverage
Many Wi Fi routers and access points have antennas that you can swivel around.
Re orient Wi Fi Router Antennas
Try reorienting the antennas to see if signal coverage in your target areas improves. Also, some routers like the Asus Dual Band Router RT-AC87R that have beam forming tech. For this to work well, you must place the antennas according to a supplied sketch in the users guide. Orient the antennas as shown there.
Pick a Better Place to Put your Wi Fi Router
Or, try installing the router in a central spot. This assures more even signal spread throughout your home.
Upgrade to a MIMO Wi Fi Router
Multiple Input Multiple Output routers often have more than one antenna and radios. Where one antenna might not get the signal well, another one often will. That’s true even when they are very close to each other.
So the system switches between its antennas as signal conditions change. In this way, it chooses the best signal path at all times. MIMO often reduces dead spots and weak Wi Fi around home. Plus, this tech is part of the Wireless N standard. So you need at least an N router to enjoy it.
Router Stability Problems
If Wi Fi or wired data show changing speeds or slow transfer rates, then try the following.
Check All Connections
See that every Ethernet plug is tight and true.
Install Latest Firmware
Or, if the problem started AFTER you install the latest version, try installing an older but more stable firmware.
Check and Replace Power Supply
A bad adapter also causes frequent router crashes and restarts.
Tightly Fasten Any Antennas
Loose aerials can make the router less able to pick up Wi Fi signals from your phones and tablets. They can also shorten its range.
Move Router Far from Noise Sources
Adjust Antenna Positions
Check that All Cables can Handle Gigabit Data Speeds
Faulty Ethernet Cables
Replace all network cables with at least CAT-6 patch cords. Use shielded cords for best results.
Bad Power Supply
Replace the adapter.
How to Fix Typical Wi Fi Router Problems: Conclusion
Hopefully, these answers help you fix any Wi Fi router troubles you have. As should be apparent now, you need not always replace your router to fix some issues.
But if you do choose to replace your router after all, see our How to Replace Old Defective Wireless Wi Fi Routers piece for help.
If you wonder jhow to know when to retire your router, then please see our Time to Replace Your Wireless Router When… piece. There, we give common symptoms and behaviors that mean that your best bet is to replace the router.
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