You charge Flip 5 conveniently via the USB-C charge port. And to get the shortest JBL Flip 5 charge time, use a large enough USB-C charger. The amount of time this takes follows.
JBL Flip 5 Charge Time: How Long Does It Take to Charge
According to the specs the JBL Flip 5 fully charges in 3.5 hours.

How Long Per Single Charge
On a full charge, the JBL Flip 5 can play for up to twelve (12) hours. This is due to its 3,000 MaH, 3.7 volt lithium polymer battery. But when you play it extra loudly, especially with lots of bass, this time drops a lot. We’ve seen this speaker run dead in around nine hours when run at party level volumes. So to get the most charge time from it, power conservation is key. Thus only play it as loudly as you need to.

JBL Flip 5 Charge Time Shrinks Over Time
Now perhaps you own this speaker over a few to several years. So you may notice that the time it plays from a single charge decreases over time. This is indeed normal for devices like this one, that rely on lithium ion polymer batters. But by exercising the battery, you can slow this decline. To exercise the JBL Flip 5, run the battery dead first. Then charge it again every three to six months, especially when not in use. Also, do not leave the Flip 5 plugged into a charger once it reaches full charge. So once the charging lamps all go dark, disconnect the Flip 5 right away. Thus this helps avoid overcharging and battery damage.